Should grades be based more on effort or outcome?

I would like to see the same survey given to teachers at columbia and see the results.

I think that some of the people responding to this poll *are teachers.* I know I am. But I would argue that it is somewhat flawed in trying to parse learning goals and objectives to a simple, black and white distinction between effort and outcome. The goals of a well-designed class should never be solely about asking the students to exert effort for lack of outcome, just as the outcome should never be beyond the reach of average student efforts.